Blisters: How they form & why you shouldn’t pop them, according to AI

Fabian Simiyu 17:27 - 17 August 2023

A palm with blisters

Blisters can be formed through various mechanisms, including friction, heat, irritation, and allergies. Let's take a closer look at each of these processes:

Blisters, those small yet often bothersome fluid-filled sacs that appear on our skin, have fascinated and vexed us for centuries.

While they may seem like simple skin irritations, the formation of blisters is a complex physiological response involving the intricate interplay of skin layers, friction, and protective mechanisms.

In this article, we dive deep into the science behind how blisters are formed, shedding light on the biological processes that underlie their emergence.

Sun blisters

Blisters form in response to external stimuli, primarily friction, but also heat irritation, and other forces. Here's a breakdown of how this process unfolds:

Friction-induced blisters

When two surfaces rub against each other, such as shoes against the skin, the friction generates shear forces that separate the layers of the skin.
The separation occurs between the epidermis and the underlying dermis, creating a gap where fluid accumulates.
The body's natural response is to protect the vulnerable area by filling the gap with a clear fluid called serum or plasma. This fluid cushions the layers and prevents further damage.
The accumulation of fluid creates a visible blister on the skin's surface.

Heat-induced blisters

Burns caused by excessive heat, whether from scalding liquids or sunburn, damage the skin cells.
The body's response is to release inflammatory mediators and increase blood flow to the area to promote healing.
As part of this response, serum and immune cells gather around the damaged area, resulting in blister formation.

Irritation and allergies

Certain chemicals or allergens can irritate the skin, prompting an inflammatory response.
The body may generate blisters as a defense mechanism to isolate the irritants and prevent further harm.

How to handle blisters easily

Legs with blisters

Keep it Clean

Before attempting any treatment, ensure that the affected area is clean and free from dirt and bacteria.

Gently wash the blister and surrounding skin with mild soap and water, then pat it dry with a clean, soft towel.

Protect with a Bandage

Covering the blister with a clean, sterile bandage helps prevent infection and reduces friction.

Opt for adhesive bandages or non-stick sterile gauze pads that won't further irritate the blister.

Avoid Popping

Resist the urge to pop the blister, as this can increase the risk of infection and delay healing.

If the blister is large, painful, or likely to rupture, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for safe drainage.

Blood blister close-up by Esinam

Use Moleskin or Gel Pads

For blisters caused by friction (e.g., from ill-fitting shoes), moleskin or gel pads can provide cushioning and alleviate pressure on the affected area. These protective products are available at most drugstores.

Apply Antibiotic Ointment

After cleaning the blister, applying a thin layer of over-the-counter antibiotic ointment can help prevent infection. Be sure to follow the product's instructions.

Allow for Air and Rest

Whenever possible, let the blister breathe by leaving it uncovered. Avoid activities that cause friction or pressure on the blistered area, as this can worsen the condition.

Elevate If Necessary

If the blister is in an area prone to swelling, such as the foot or ankle, elevating the affected limb can help reduce swelling and relieve discomfort.

Watch for Signs of Infection

Keep a close eye on the blister for signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, pus, or worsening pain. If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical attention promptly.

Stay Hydrated and Nourished

Drinking plenty of water and consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can aid the body's natural healing process.